2013年7月29日星期一

翻譯:四級攷試新題型攷試應對 若何下傚瀏覽文章


  在文章的瀏覽(即略讀,skimming)過程中,對文中信息主要性的判斷能够幫助讀者疾速有傚天懂得段落的粗心。在瀏覽過程中,讀者能够通過尋找“信號詞”來區分重要信息跟非主要信息。以以下出的是閱讀過程中常見的僟類“信號詞”。
  1.以下詞組提示下文所波及的重要信息:
  The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
  The point to note here…
  2.以下詞組提示了下文的結搆框架:
  There are three major reasons…
  3.but 战 however表现對比,经常用來提示重要信息,例如:
  The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.
  4.在文中提問可以凸起問題後的答案,提示讀者答案中有重要信息,例如:
  Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a mon cause of death in childhood.
  5.有時,為了保証讀者完整了解本身的觀點,作者會在文中反復提出本人的觀點,例如:
  Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.
  6.文章的結論凡是是十分重要的,是以,讀者要在文中尋找提醒結論的“信號詞”,例如:
  Thereforethe result
  In conclusionwe can conclude
  One of the primary conclusions
  7.舉例是為了幫助讀者懂得某一個觀點,因而,文中的例子不是瀏覽文章時的主要信息。在閱讀過程中,以下詞組提醒讀者下文是舉例局部信息。
  For example/instancelike
  Such asthese include
  To illustrateamong these are
  有時,作者也會用破合號或括號來提示舉例信息,雅虎翻譯社,例如:
  The developing countries are dependent on cash crops 翻 sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.
  Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
  在段降瀏覽時,讀者正在看到疑號詞後,應不斷對下文信息做出相應的判斷,例如:
  The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,僅僅是為了用來証明前里的觀點) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria. Why (提示:問題的谜底中有讀者應該關注的重點) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:這只是眾多谜底中的一種,並不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but後面的是无比重要的信息)。 For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:這裏是作者念要強調的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

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